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Filtration well and its principle of operation

Filtration wells are designed for water recycling. There may be a filtration conical well, or another form may be used, it all depends on your desire and application in each specific case.

In this article, we will find out what types of this design are and which one is better to choose. Photos will come to your aid, by which you can see everything clearly. In the video in this article, you can see everything clearly.

The principle of operation of the filtration well

Wastewater disposal from the house: PVC pipe, crushed stone pillow. The system of the filtering well is designed so that the discharge of sewage through the sewer pipe to the chamber with a septic tank, in which it is settled, occurs by gravity.

Wastewater penetrates into the filtration structure in a similar way. The filtered water then gradually percolates to the groundwater.

So:

  • The well for filtration is a three-meter shaft, inside which there is a well with rings made of brick, reinforced concrete or other materials used in these operating conditions.

Attention: The area directly depends on the type of soil, since the calculations showed that 50 liters of wastewater is filtered by 1 m2 of sandy loam soil in one day.

  • Based on the approximate volume of wastewater to be discharged, the quantity as well as the area can be calculated. Sandy soil with an equal amount of wastewater copes twice as fast. Therefore, the area, which is the sum of the areas of all its walls, should be calculated taking into account the approximate volume of wastewater. However, exceeding the size of more than 2 × 2 at a depth of two and a half meters is traditionally not recommended.

Attention: If the calculations indicate that the filtration well will not be able to cope with the treatment of wastewater without exceeding the area that is recommended, it is better to resort to the device of several designs for filtration.

  • It must be remembered that there should have been at least two diameters of the structures you arranged. In addition, one should not forget that the distance from the bottom of the filtration well to the level where groundwater begins should not be less than one meter.

Place for installation

Before installation, it is necessary to collect as much information as possible about the soil on the site. Such a design can only be placed on certain types, these should include such as: sandy soil, peat, soil in which there is not a high content of clay.

Attention: With soil with a high content of clay and those that do not let water through, such a design will simply be unnecessary.

So:

  • Do not install in rocks. Especially if there are cracks. On such soil, other methods should be used, otherwise sewage can penetrate into drinking water;
  • If you look at the installation height, then it turns out that the best distance of the installed well from the bottom and to groundwater will be at least 50 cm;
  • Attention should be paid to the freezing of the soil. The structure must be located below the freezing level.

Subtleties when choosing a filter used in a filtering facility

The purchase and delivery to the site of materials in the form of slag, brick fragments, pieces of peat and crushed stone will be the preparatory stage of work when choosing the necessary filter. The particle size of the material used as a filter should not exceed 30 mm.

In the process of passing wastewater through the filter fractions, silt is formed on their surface, which serves as a nutrient medium for various microorganisms that transform minerals into organic substances in the course of their vital activity, thereby cleaning wastewater. Further, the filtered waters gradually leave, penetrating through the sandy soil.

The filter is set up like this:

  • First of all, fine-grained crushed stone is laid, after which slag and brick fragments are laid;
  • With the help of the same materials, the space between the walls and the shaft of the mine is filled;
  • The passage of water through the soil layer achieves final purification.

The calculation of the area of ​​the filtration layer is based on the characteristic load data for a unit area, which is forty liters per day of wastewater for sandy soil and eighty liters for sandy soil. The shape of the well for filtering can be either round or square.

The construction device is made using the following traditional materials:

  • Reinforced concrete;
  • Red brick;
  • Monolithic concrete;
  • Prefabricated rings with holes made of reinforced concrete;
  • Clay brick.

The penetration of water in the filtering well occurs not only through the walls of the latter, but also through its bottom, therefore, when constructing a well, this fact should be taken into account. It is for this reason that the concrete screed of the bottom is carried out along the perimeter, leaving the central part free, through which water will penetrate into the ground.

Specifics of the device for filtering

As mentioned above, a filtration well can be made using bricks, but concrete rings that are lowered into the filtration material are considered the most reliable material for its construction.

So:

  • Holes are arranged along the entire height of the rings in a checkerboard pattern with a step of twenty centimeters, between which a distance of five centimeters is observed.

Attention: If the walls are made using refractory or clay bricks, holes in them are left at the expense of masonry gaps.

  • The pipe installed for supplying wastewater should have a slight slope and be ten centimeters higher than the bottom filter. The open end of the pipe for supplying wastewater should be placed in the center of the shaft and have a container under it with holes for the passage of water.
  • Accordingly, it is equipped with a filter, which is performed using sand, pebbles, crushed stone or peat. The coarser-grained material is located in the middle, while the finer-grained material is located along the border of the outer walls.
  • The upper part is covered with a wooden shield or reinforced concrete cover. We should also not forget about the device of the manhole, which should be at least seven hundred millimeters in diameter. The manhole must be equipped with covers, one of which will protect against freezing.

You have instructions for the use of each type, and the price of the issue is not high to neglect it. After all, such a not cunning design can increase the comfort of everyday life.

Underground filtration field

Underground filtration fields are increasingly preferred to choose if the site has sandy and sandy soil with insufficient water. What is the advantage of the filtration field?

We can highlight the following points:

  • Easy to build;
  • Do not need large investments;
  • Will provide soil saturation on different plots.

The disadvantages of this method include a large amount of irrigation work. Having a site plan will help you draw up a detailed irrigation plan.

The action of the filter fields is as follows:

  • The disinfection system passes wastewater through itself.
  • Further, the water supply delivers them to the development pipe, and from there through the irrigation pipes directly into the ground.