Construction

Do-it-yourself monolithic concrete staircase in a private house

In private houses, stairs made of wood or monolithic reinforced concrete are most popular between floors. A comfortable and beautiful wooden staircase is an expensive pleasure. In a private house, it can be cheaper to build a simpler and more durable reinforced concrete staircase with your own hands.

Advantages and other features of a monolithic concrete staircase

Monolithic concrete stairs are rather heavy structures. Therefore, such stairs are made in houses with monolithic, prefabricated or.

Concrete stairs are built in the process of building a box at home. They can be used for their intended purpose immediately, before the construction of the house is completed.

Concrete stairs have high rigidity and strength, do not creak or vibrate.

Reinforced concrete stairs are safer due to their simple structure and massive steps.

Finishing, facing of concrete stairs during repair is easy to restore, replace.

It is difficult to make staircases of complex configuration or miniature out of concrete.

Design options for concrete stairs in a private house

The construction of a concrete staircase must be developed before starting the construction of a house, since it is necessary to provide embedded reinforcing steel anchors and other elements for fastening staircases and intermediate platforms in the ceilings and wall masonry.

Reinforcement outlets are made in the floor or load-bearing beam, which are connected to the reinforcement of the staircase. A staircase made of monolithic reinforced concrete in a private house consists of flights of stairs and an intermediate staircase between the flights.

The staircase is a reinforced concrete slab on which concrete steps are located.

Reinforcing frames of reinforced concrete floors, staircases and landings are linked together into a single structure. Thanks to the joint work of reinforcement and monolithic concrete, the staircase has a very high rigidity and strength.

A staircase with a stringer made of monolithic reinforced concrete. Kosour is located along the longitudinal axis of the flight of stairs.

Kosour here is a reinforced concrete beam with ledges for supporting the steps. Cantilever steps are called steps, the ends of which do not have support.

The steps of the stairs on the stringer can be made from wood or from monolithic concrete. The reinforcing frame of the cantilever steps made of concrete is connected to the reinforcement of the kosour. Wooden steps are attached to the stringer using metal embedded elements.

Reinforced concrete stringers of stairs, as well as stair flights, can be installed either between floors, or between the floor and an intermediate staircase.

Reinforced concrete cantilever steps are pinned into the wall masonry.

A staircase is called closed if the gaps between the steps are closed by risers. Without risers, this is an open staircase.

Concrete for reinforced concrete stairs

For the manufacture of reinforced concrete stairs, concrete is used with a compressive strength of at least 20 MPa (class B20). Freshly laid concrete in the formwork must be carefully compacted with vibration.

Stairways and landings happen profitable to make from architectural (decorative) concrete... The surface of the steps and landings of such a staircase does not require additional cladding or finishing. It is better to order the production and laying of architectural concrete by specialists.

Where in the house to place a staircase made of concrete

In order for the staircase to be comfortable, safe and "quiet", it is necessary to successfully choose its location in the house, correctly arrange and determine the dimensions.

The modern architecture of a private house for placing stairs usually does not provide for special isolated staircases. The stairs are installed openly and are part of the interior of the living room, hall or hallway.

It should be borne in mind that the staircase in the living room, as an element of the interior, makes higher demands on the appearance. The staircase in the living room should be more sophisticated, and therefore more expensive, than the staircase in the hallway, hallway or in an isolated staircase.

Compared to wooden stairs, concrete stairs look more heavy, they are simpler in shape and do not fit well into the interior of the living room.

For placing a concrete staircase, a place near the wall is more suitable.

How to choose the dimensions of the stairs

Choosing a stair slope

A comfortable and safe staircase should be sufficiently flat. Building regulations limit the steepness of stairs in a home. The slope of the stairs should not be more than 1: 1.25 (the ratio of the height of the staircase to its horizontal projection). In the figure below, this the maximum slope of about 40 o has a ladder 1.

Two ladder options: ladder 1- steep with an extreme slope, provides a minimum of comfort and safety, but takes up the minimum area in the house; stairs 2- a comfortable and safe staircase with a recommended slope.

So that the staircase in the house is comfortable enough and does not take up too much space it is recommended to choose a staircase slope of about 30 o, which corresponds to the ratio of the height of the staircase to its horizontal projection as 1: 1.75. Ladder 2 in the picture above has such a slope.

Calculation of the dimensions of the steps of the stairs

After determining the slope - the height and horizontal projection of the staircase, at the second stage, calculate the optimal dimensions of the steps of the stairs.

The optimal dimensions of the steps of the stairs in a private house. For comfortable movement on the steps of the stairs, it is necessary to fulfill the condition indicated in the green frame.

Building regulations require that the height of the stair step is within h= 16-19 cm.

For example, let's calculate the dimensions of stairs 2 in the figure. Taking into account the requirements of the rules, for further calculations we take the height of the step of our staircase h= 17 cm.

Then, we find the number of steps in the flight of stairs. To do this, divide the height of the flight of stairs by the height of the step. Number of steps in a flight of stairs: 272 cm / 17 cm = 16 steps.

Construction rules limit the number of steps in one flight of stairs to no more than 18 steps. If this restriction cannot be met, then it is necessary to make two flights of stairs with an intermediate platform between them.

Knowing the number of steps, we calculate the width of the staircase tread. To do this, divide the size of the horizontal projection of the staircase by the number of steps. For staircase 2 in the figure, the calculated step width will be equal to s= 474 cm / 16 = 29 cm.

On a step 29 cm wide, a person's foot will feel confident and comfortable.

In conclusion, we check whether it will be comfortable to move up the stairs. To do this, we make a calculation using the formula indicated in the figure in the green frame: 2h + s = 60-65. For our staircase 2 * 17cm + 29cm = 63cm - the condition of comfortable movement is fulfilled.

What should be the height of the steps without finishing?

A comfortable ladder should have all steps of the same height. The decision of what material to finish it with is best made before starting the construction of the stairs - this will avoid surprises in the form of a difference in height between individual steps.

Porcelain stoneware steps are very durable, moisture-proof, chemical-resistant, sun-resistant, environmentally friendly and do not need to be replaced for a long time. This is one of the best options in terms of price-quality ratio for finishing concrete stairs.

Porcelain stoneware steps as a material for finishing an interfloor staircase are very diverse. Depending on your preferences, you can choose matt, lapped, embossed or polished steps for your concrete staircase.

You can finish with porcelain stoneware in the same style as the concrete staircase itself, and the entire space between the stairs.