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How to strengthen a foundation made of blocks. How to make a foundation from FBS: step-by-step instructions for self-builders. How to build a slab foundation from FBS blocks

Solid foundation blocks (FBS) are a reinforced concrete material that represents part of the base that distributes the load. The blocks allow for quick installation and are not influenced by the external environment, in comparison with a monolithic base. FBS are distinguished by: strength, wear resistance, long-term operation.

Types of FBS for foundations, GOST

There are 12 standard sizes of classic FSB on the market:

  • The length of the blocks is 9/12/24 dm.
  • Width -3/4/5/6 dm.
  • The height of all blocks is 6 dm.

The production of blocks is regulated by GOST, which specifies the type of material, dimensions, design parameters, rules for storage, transportation, and installation.

  • FBS - solid block of maximum strength;
  • FBP - voids are located at the bottom, due to this the load on the foundation is reduced;
  • FBV is a solid texture with a cutout for laying communication systems. Relevant for the construction of facilities with numerous engineering systems.

Advantages and disadvantages of a foundation made of FBS blocks

The advantages include:

  • Saving time. There is no need to mix concrete, count the amount of consumables, or maintain ideal proportions. FBS installation is carried out quickly and there is no need to worry about the quality of the foundation.
  • The manufacturer has provided for all aspects of block installation. Large blocks are equipped with special hooks for easy installation. The products are easier to place in a pit during the construction of multi-story buildings or technically complex objects.
  • FSBs are equipped with grooves, which further strengthen the foundation.
  • If construction is carried out on unprepared soil or in northern regions, FBS can easily cope with these problems. Chemicals are added to the material to increase resistance to deformation.

Disadvantages when using FBS blocks:

  • Price.
  • Use of special equipment for installation.
  • Great risk of foundation subsidence.

The disadvantages of the material include additional waterproofing and insulation, but today it is difficult to do without this stage.

Step-by-step installation of a FBS foundation

To lay the foundation blocks, a trench is dug. At this stage, it is important to consider the size of the FBS. The rock is cleared from the bottom, irregularities are eliminated, and the bottom is covered with sand. With a sandy bottom, doing this work is pointless.

Taken into account: soil type, total load, presence of groundwater, building height. If the project includes FL slabs, it is more rational to dig a foundation pit. If the FSB is installed in the ground, perimeter trenches are dug. Their width should be one meter larger for waterproofing, insulation and drainage.

Calculation of the number of FBS blocks

Initially, the height of the building is determined. The average depth of rock freezing affects the depth of the base.

Soil and subsoil often contain clay. Groundwater flows there, which expands in winter after freezing. If the foundation is not deep enough, the ice on the ground will push it out. In summer, with variable shrinkage of the rock, the foundation tape may crack: the building will become unsuitable for use. The amount of soil freezing is prescribed in the joint venture “Construction Climatology”. The minimum depth for laying the FBS base is selected with a slight increase in this number - by 200-300 mm.

Soil with sand is of the low-heaving type: water does not concentrate in the sand, freezing affects the stability of the foundation. However, groundwater washes away sand.

It is permissible to add a bedding of sand and gravel, then fill it with a 10 cm layer of concrete. Such a ball performs two functions:

  • drainage;
  • soil compaction.

The blocks under the foundation are installed with a solid strip, and the voids are filled. The dimensions of the FBS are not always equal to the perimeter of the structure. It is important to choose a configuration with the blocks fitting as tightly as possible. More than two types of materials are used: the main ones are mixed with additional ones - stand-out ones of reduced size. Brick is used to fill small voids, lay a leveling layer, and build a basement. The number of blocks is calculated before the start of construction work. To do this, use special online calculators, or use the help of specialists.

Preparing and marking the area for the foundation

It is impossible to build a multi-storey building without proper design; all step-by-step stages, costs, markings are prescribed in the plan. After planning, markings are drawn:

  • The stake is driven in a meter from the corner. This will prevent the soil underneath from crumbling during construction work.
  • The cord is stretched across the entire working area, taking into account the basement and the width of the blocks.

When constructing buildings with a complex configuration, additional markings are made. Lime, paint, chalk are used.

Excavation

A well-built house requires professional design based on the results of engineering and geological examinations. Only in this case is it possible to avoid extraneous communications that approach the site. The composition of the soil and the presence of underwater currents are being studied. This will ensure the construction of a stable structure.

The foundation pit is dug:

  • when a basement or basement is planned;
  • when laying FL slabs;
  • with unsuitable soil composition.

In all other cases, they make do with trenches. The depth of the tapes is always calculated individually.

Drainage layer and pillow under the foundation

To ensure reliable fastening of concrete slabs, the load is distributed to the lower soil balls, which are replaced by non-metallic rock. Minimal crushed stone (5-10 mm) and sand are used, each layer is compacted using a vibrating plate or a manual tamper.

Laying a concrete cushion in low-rise buildings is done in rare cases (for example, for the construction of a three-story building). The quality of FBS is many times higher than the base of a monolithic structure due to maximum compliance with technology.

To proceed to installing the foundation, it is necessary to take into account the technique of laying blocks. Installation is preceded by marking. According to the drawings, stakes are inserted along which the thread is pulled. To facilitate the laying of the first row, blocks are placed in corners and intersections. The vertical seams are filled with building mixture or compacted deep. The resulting space is filled with concrete and leveled until a monolithic structure is formed between them.

The layer of construction mixture between two rows should be 5 cm. The seams are treated with a layer of concrete 2.5-6 cm. To strengthen the ligation between the rows, reinforcement is used. At the installation stage, it is important to make holes for the pipes of the sewer system.

The construction technology is carried out as follows:

  • setting corners;
  • installation of blocks;
  • filling voids;
  • laying bricks.

The installation takes place along a T-shaped crossing. The construction mixture is poured or spread with a shovel. Vertical joints are filled after installing a new row of blocks. The masonry is covered with plaster or building mixtures.

Technological openings include openings for doors. More often they are wider than the project plans to level the side surfaces of the brickwork. To increase the stability and durability of the foundation, the first FBS ball is widened.

Armopoyas

The reinforcement belt is important for the foundation. It is represented by a monolithic reinforced concrete ribbon closed at the edges, running along the perimeter of the house. All modern facilities cannot do without an armored belt; it is used on difficult or acidic soils. Is used for:

  • uniform vertical distribution of load coming from load-bearing walls;
  • prevention of unplanned shrinkage, which contributes to the formation of cracks on the walls;
  • compensation for point loads resulting from wall misalignment during operation of the house;
  • eliminating inaccuracies during construction or miscalculations at the design stage.

The armored belt implements a unloading function, which has a positive effect on resistance to possible damage.

The feasibility of its use increases:

  • when construction is carried out near reservoirs or underwater waters, ravines or on rock;
  • during seismic activity;
  • with a shallow foundation for the house.

Waterproofing

Isolation of the foundation from underwater water is carried out in several ways.

Vertically. The method doubles the percentage of stability and durability of the foundation. Injection involves filling voids and seams using a construction injection composition. The method requires expensive equipment and materials, but it will pay off in reliability and durability.


The work includes the following stages:

  • The seams of the blocks are embroidered at a depth of 3-5 cm.
  • A hole is drilled 2/3 of the wall thickness.
  • Parkers used for injection are installed.
  • A modified polymer is poured between the blocks. A pump designed to perform injection is used.
  • Then the parkers are dismantled.
  • The seams are sealed.
  • Coating waterproofing of load-bearing walls is carried out.

The feasibility of other technologies depends on the use of waterproofing materials:

  • Sizing - bitumen mastic in several layers.
  • Coating - bitumen mastic in one layer.
  • Painting - composite compositions of polyurethane, silicone, acrylic.
  • Plaster - cement mixed with polymers.
  • Changing the composition of the building mixture - the interpenetrating insulation of Penetron reacts with crushed stone at the molecular level, the entire block becomes water-repellent.
  • Dust - FBS foundation is covered with liquid rubber dust.

It is more affordable to use painting and coating. The most disadvantageous is spraying.

The main factor in insulating from moisture is the integrity of the layer. This is easiest to achieve using any method other than sizing. Not only the blocks are processed, but also all walls, including the foundation of the basement.

Thermal insulation

FBS blocks are the basis for a basement or basement. In this case, it is important to take care of eliminating condensation. Thermal insulation technology looks like this:

  • the outer surface of the blocks is covered with synthetic heat-insulating material over the waterproofing layer;
  • a material prepared from chemical fibers is laid, which protects the heat insulator from unplanned deformations.

If the foundation is insulated from the outside, the formation of condensation on the walls of the basement is 100% eliminated. Internal insulation will lead to the opposite result.

If the project involves a shallow strip foundation, the order of thermal insulation changes:

  • the outer surfaces of the blocks are covered with gas-filled material, the trenches are widened by a meter;
  • Balls of gas-filled material are laid out around the perimeter.

Drainage system

If there is a high percentage of groundwater, at the construction stage it is better to divert it from the foundation of the house while digging a pit. To do this, perforation pipes are laid along the boundary of the foundation. The general slope of the ring is carried out in the direction of groundwater, which will flow out by gravity.

To completely eliminate underwater or capillary water, it is enough to lay a layer of crushed stone. To stabilize the soil border, geotextiles are used, which prevents mixing of soil and crushed stone.

In the basement, the slabs are filled with building material at the level of the base of the foundation, and additionally covered with slabs or beams.

In order to save time and taking into account the delivery schedule of building materials, the time for arranging the strip foundation was limited to 3 days. Therefore, full-scale work on arranging the foundation from FBS was not carried out.
After the construction of the building frame (log frame), the installation of the roof truss system and the roofing work, the work schedule tied to the delivery of building materials and the hiring of labor and construction equipment ceased to be relevant.
Therefore, it was decided to return to finalizing the foundation, combining this work with landscaping the area around the house (arrangement of the blind area).

1. Reinforcement of a prefabricated strip foundation made of FBS

No matter how high-quality the base (cushion) on which the FBS blocks are laid is, they remain unconnected to each other. There are gaps between individual blocks. Over the course of a month, individual blocks showed slight shrinkage and gaps formed between the foundation and the framing beam.
In order to prevent further uneven shrinkage of the foundation and structure, it became necessary to strengthen the foundation of the erected structure.
For this purpose, the technology of external frame reinforcement was used using metal reinforcement and pouring a belt of cement-gravel mixture.

The following tools were used to carry out the work:

A hammer drill with a set of drills of various diameters;
Angle grinder (grinder);
Metal scissors;
Wire cutters;
Hammer;
Roulette;
Shovels.

Considering that the construction of the foundation was carried out less than a month ago and the trench for laying FBS blocks during this time was filled with construction waste and the collapsed soil was cleared with shovels from the entire perimeter of the foundation to the gravel base.
After this, holes 100 mm deep were drilled in the FBS blocks to secure the anchors to which the strapping (reinforcing) reinforcement should be attached.


2. Attaching reinforcement to anchors

Sections of reinforcing rod 200 mm long were used as anchors. bent at the end at a right angle for easy fastening of reinforcement bars.
The hole in the FBS was drilled 1 mm smaller than the diameter of the reinforcing bar (anchor). The anchor was driven into the hole with a heavy (2 kg) hammer.
The reinforcement was mounted on anchors and fastened with annealed steel wire d – 4 mm.

3. Fastening reinforcement in the spaces between FBS

Particular attention was paid to reinforcing the corners of the foundation. To do this, the rods were bent at right angles and tied together with several wire ties with reinforcement rods on the adjacent side. The length of the corner arm averaged 1000 – 1200 mm.

4. Fastening reinforcement at the corners of the foundation


5. Formwork installation

To pour a continuous concrete belt around the FBS foundation, formwork was installed. Material - waste left over from lumber after installing the roof - thick boards 40-50 mm– sawed to make pegs. The formwork lining was made from substandard boards of thickness 25 mm., remaining after installing the roof sheathing and thick plywood 10 mm. The thickness of the cement-gravel mixture belt was 100 mm.

6. Fastening the formwork sheathing with twisted wire


7. Construction of the drainage system

Parallel to the foundation to a depth of 500 mm. a trench was dug around the entire perimeter of the building. Crushed stone of fraction 20-40 is poured onto the bottom in a layer of 200 mm. A plastic plumbing pipe d 150 mm is laid on top of the crushed stone. with holes d 16 mm. drilled with a feather drill for wood.

8. Installation of the drainage system

The pipes were connected using corner connectors. In the corners of the building and in the middle, along the long side of the building, vertical bends were installed, rising 150 mm above the soil surface. The holes were closed with perforated plugs.
The laid pipe was covered with crushed stone to the level of the soil surface around the house.


9. Pouring the blind area around the house

10. Preparation of cement-gravel mixture

Cement was used to prepare the solution M400, alluvial river sand and construction crushed stone fractions 5-20 . In proportion 1: 1,6: 3,2 . The mixture was prepared in a concrete mixer V – 70 liters with electric drive.

All work was carried out by 2 workers. The total time to complete the work was 5 days.

Block foundation repair

Owners of private residential buildings know firsthand that in order to maintain their property in almost perfect condition, it is periodically necessary to carry out repair work on various parts of the building. Most often, immediate intervention is required by a foundation structure that has lost its integrity, on the safety of which the condition of the entire house depends.

Innovation does not stand still in the construction industry, so you can use the latest methods that can simplify the repair of the block foundation of your home. However, experts recommend that in these matters you entrust the hardest work to professionals who, thanks to their experience, will be able to cope with the task assigned to them, completing construction procedures in compliance with all standards.

Causes of damage to the foundation of a house

Over time, outdated private houses need careful strengthening of the foundation. This need is associated with the emergence of such common problems as subsidence of walls and windows, as well as massive formation of cracks. All this together can lead to irreparable consequences, including the complete destruction of the building.

Phenomena that may cause an inevitable violation of the integrity of the block foundation for a house include:

  • Illiterately created house design;
  • Failure to comply with the technology for laying the foundation of a building;
  • Significant changes in soil characteristics;
  • Immediate proximity to large-scale excavation works;
  • Laying communication lines near a residential building;
  • Violations in the operating conditions of the building;
  • Vibration effect.

If you expect that after repairing the block foundation of your house, it will serve you for several years, then before you begin strengthening the foundation, you need to consider all the nuances. Strengthening the foundation of the building is carried out in several stages. Otherwise, this threatens to violate the repair technology, which will certainly affect the result. Only qualified specialists can think through every detail of the construction of a block foundation, so the best solution would be to use their professional help.

Rules for strengthening block foundations

In terms of its technique, strengthening the block foundation of a house is quite simple, which determines the low price for this service. Preliminarily, pits are prepared near each corner of the building, allowing access to the concrete structure. Then a cellular metal frame is made, which is tightly installed in the pits and filled with high-quality concrete mixture. This structure is left alone until it hardens completely, which will take several days.

If the cracks have affected the blocks themselves, then it is recommended to use a reinforced concrete belt during repairs, for which a trench about fifty centimeters wide is dug in advance. Otherwise, this technology is similar to the minor repairs described above.

Professional construction companies will be able to offer you several technologies that are very popular in private construction, thanks to which the block foundation of your house will literally get a second life. Considering that almost any construction work, especially those classified as highly complex, requires compliance with all rules to ensure a quality result, the best solution would be to order a service for repairing a block foundation. This way you can not only strengthen the foundation of the building, but also save your time and money.

The cost of repairing a block foundation at a discount

glav-svai.ru

First aid in case of destruction - foundation repair from FBS blocks!

Have you found cracks in the walls, the windows don’t close well, and the doors are leaking? You need to be wary and take a closer look at the foundation of the building before the floors stand on end and the house goes downhill. Most likely, you need qualified foundation repairs made from FBS blocks. Experience, coupled with the quality of building materials, will save you from big problems in the future!

Defects discovered in a timely manner are often local in nature, and therefore solutions will be local and inexpensive.

Repair of the foundation from FBS blocks: all about the reconstruction strategy!

Physical destruction of a foundation made of building blocks can occur in a number of ways
reasons:

  • Savings on hydrogeological studies of the site;
  • Poor quality installation of blocks;
  • Errors in waterproofing.
The absence of large cracks does not mean that a major reconstruction of the foundation will not be needed, sometimes even with the replacement of the entire structure. Specialists from the Construction Factory company will conduct a detailed study of the strength characteristics of the foundation, determine the groundwater level and freezing depth. Already on the basis of this data, an optimal work plan is selected, aimed at: It is quite difficult not to notice catastrophic damage, but even in such cases, the professionals of our company will have a qualified answer, since a wide range of construction services allows us to equip a facility of any complexity on a turnkey basis.

Repairing the foundation from FBS blocks, which way should we go?

Effective repair of a foundation made of FBS blocks includes all three directions, since the strengthened soil and foundation will repeatedly collapse under the influence of water.


To perform complex excavation work, the Construction Factory company has its own special equipment, the rental price of which is affordable, and 12 certified teams! Order restoration and restoration of the foundation from FBS blocks and receive a 5-year guarantee! Order services

fabrika-stroitelstva.ru

Construction of a block foundation

Every man wants to build a house with his own hands. Construction takes a long time, but the goal is worth it. Construction of a house begins with the foundation. This stage is the most responsible and labor-intensive, since the house will be built on the erected base. If the block foundation is of poor quality, your house will not last long.


The foundation is the foundation of your home; you should not save effort and money on it.

One of the construction options is to build a base from blocks.

Preparatory work


Modern methods for studying soil composition will easily determine the layers and their strength on your site.

Before starting construction from blocks, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work. Based on the prepared technical design, the general requirements for the durability of the building are determined. Such requirements include the groundwater level, the condition and type of soil, as well as the freezing depth. According to the characteristics of soil freezing, the foundation can be:

  • recessed;
  • not buried;
  • shallow.

Special attention is paid to the drainage system - it is better to spend time during construction than to endure inconvenience and carry out constant repairs afterwards.

To ensure that the block foundation is not destroyed by melt and rain water and repair

To do this, a well is dug at the lowest point of the site. If the location is not very good, for example, in the middle of the plot or in the beds, then the location of the well can be shifted. The depth of the well is 50 cm. The well is covered with a lid from above. Pipes are connected to the well, through which rain and melt water will be drained. They are laid underground. Of course, you can cover the pipes with paving slabs or asphalt, but do not forget that over time the well and pipes may need to be cleaned. The house was not carried out the next year after construction, a drainage system is being built.

In the drainage main, you can use PVC pipes or cast iron, reinforced concrete, asbestos, ceramic - there are no strict requirements in this regard. The choice of pipes comes down to determining the diameter, taking into account the amount of water and the terrain.

Upon completion of construction of the water drainage system, the location is determined. If the soil freezes to a large depth, the foundation must be deepened. In some cases, the recess can reach up to several meters, in which case the process is complicated due to the layer of clay. In this case, the foundation must be secured to the ground.

Construction of the structure


The foundation for a brick house will cost much more than for a house made of foam blocks.

Having completed the soil preparation work, they move on to the next stage of construction. If during construction a ground floor, basement, or foundation is planned, the foundation is first made from monolithic slabs. Markings are made under the slabs using a range finder, protractor and level. To prevent the base from subsiding, the bottom of the prepared pit is compacted, covered with a sand-gravel mixture and watered. Tamping is carried out in three layers. Each layer - approximately 5 cm after compaction - is kept until completely dry.

Formwork is installed on compacted, leveled sand using:

  • special boards or boards 20 mm;
  • permanent formwork with insulation;
  • reusable plywood formwork with fastening on stakes or triangular struts.

Building the foundation yourself will ensure the quality of building materials and save you from unnecessary costs.

The height of the formwork is made up of the height of the “cushion” and the height of the slab. Concrete is poured, a plastic film is laid on top, and the slabs are leveled using a vibrating rammer. The thickness of the slabs can be adopted in accordance with a number of dimensions for practical use. For a two-story house built of brick, the thickness of the slab should be 40 cm; when building a house made of wood, the thickness of the slab should be 20 cm; using foam concrete, choose a thickness within 30 cm. If you are building a foundation for a garage or bathhouse, then 10 cm is enough.

Having prepared the foundation “cushion”, they begin laying concrete blocks. The masonry is carried out similarly to brickwork. In earthquake-prone areas, as well as during the construction of a multi-story building, the foundation structure is strengthened with reinforced mesh. Laying begins from the corners of the building, periodically checking the uniformity of the level, so that during operation the walls do not crack and the house does not collapse.

Before laying concrete blocks, prepare a solution. The most commonly used mortar is type M, which is used for the construction of underground elements and foundations. The solution can be prepared using two technologies:

  • 1 part Portland cement, 1 part masonry cement, 6 parts sand;
  • 4 parts sand, 1/4 part slaked lime and 1 part Portland cement.

For the construction of a block foundation, the following types of blocks are used:

  • FBV – solid with a cutout;
  • FBP – hollow;
  • FBS - wall.

When laying masonry, you should not rush; it is enough to lay out two or three rows a day so that the mortar between the blocks hardens. After the solution has dried, the seams are unstitched to prevent the accumulation of rainwater.

When constructing from concrete blocks, you can use the dry masonry method. The method differs in that rows of blocks are first laid out, and then the voids are filled with liquid concrete. The strength of this structure is higher, since it forms a monolith. When pouring concrete, the laid out blocks are covered with formwork made of wooden panels.

Main disadvantages

The block foundation has a number of disadvantages:

  1. High cost of material;
  2. Low load capacity; when constructing multi-storey buildings, it is recommended to use reinforced concrete blocks;
  3. A labor-intensive construction process using human resources and machinery, compared to a monolithic foundation.

Repair of block base

The block foundation deteriorates over time, so it must be periodically repaired. Repairs can be periodic or major. Periodic repairs according to technology are minor work to eliminate defects in the foundation, cracks, chips, and so on. Major repairs are carried out in cases of major damage.

When carrying out major repairs, the foundation is thoroughly cleaned of old plaster and dirt. A metal mesh is driven into the foundation. The mesh is enclosed with formwork and filled with concrete. If, when repairing the foundation of a house, it becomes necessary to replace a section, a new cladding is erected, which is connected to the old masonry. There is a rigid connection between the old and new masonry. Repairs will be carried out less frequently if you follow the block foundation construction technology.

o-cemente.info

Block foundation repair Video

3 years ago

Presentation on types of foundation repairs from the company 000 "Alfa Stroy". Thank you, manager...

Thanks to the optimal combination of its performance qualities, it has maintained a leading position for hundreds of years.

All alternative options for supporting structures were created for specific conditions and are significantly inferior to tape in many respects.

The most rigid and durable types of tape are monolithic concrete castings, but they require a lot of time for the concrete to cure until it reaches technological hardness.

In addition, pouring a large base at once is extremely difficult, and interruptions significantly reduce the strength of the material.

Taking into account the seasonality of concrete work, the technology for installing prefabricated strips from durable reinforced concrete foundation blocks was developed, allowing work at any time of the year.

The abbreviation FBS stands for “foundation blocks of solid section”. They are reinforced concrete briquettes of different sizes, from which, like bricks, a strip foundation of any size is assembled.

It is allowed to use only standard products manufactured at the factory in compliance with special technology in accordance with the requirements of GOST and technical standards. Externally, FBS is a concrete block, rectangular in cross-section and a floor on the side surface.

The end side has a small rectangular recess for pouring mortar or using it as a socket when installing vertical elements. The upper plane has a pair of loops for engagement with lifting equipment during installation.

After the block is laid, they are bent and pressed tightly to the plane. When assembled, the result is a canvas made of tightly packed blocks; vertical joints are placed at random to ensure greater strength.

The elements are connected to each other using sand-cement mortar.

What requirements must they meet for a strip foundation?

Foundation blocks are produced in accordance with technical specifications and GOST standards.

Based on their shape, the blocks are divided into:

  • Whole. They are basic briquettes with standard sizes.
  • Additional ones. Used to fill areas of the tape where a whole block cannot be placed.

There are two height options:

  • 380 mm.
  • 580 mm.

In practice, their values ​​are rounded and called 30 and 60 cm, respectively.

Width:

  • 300 mm.
  • 400 mm.
  • 500 mm.
  • 600 mm.

The length of the blocks is:

  • 880 mm.
  • 1180 mm.
  • 2380 mm.

In addition to sizes, FBS blocks differ in material:

  • Expanded clay concrete or silicate concrete with a minimum density of 1800 kg/m3.
  • High-strength lightweight concrete B100.
  • High-strength heavy concrete grades M200-M500.

The material also contains plasticizers that reduce the brittleness of concrete, and reinforcement made of high-strength steel A1 or A111. There are additives that increase the frost resistance of concrete.

NOTE!

There is another type of foundation blocks - small-format briquettes with dimensions 40:20:20 cm (length:width:height). It allows you to work without the participation of lifting equipment, but due to the large number of joints it is not able to form a tape of sufficient rigidity and strength, so it is used less often.


Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of FBS blocks include::

  • Strength, high load-bearing capacity.
  • High quality material obtained in modern technological conditions.
  • The design of the blocks ensures optimal installation density, making the tape durable and resistant to external influences.
  • The design of the elements is universal and allows the creation of foundations of any configuration.
  • Work can be carried out at any time of the year, which significantly expands the possibilities compared to concrete casting.
  • The time required to create a tape is significantly reduced compared to monolithic base construction options due to the lack of a long curing period for concrete.

Disadvantages of prefabricated foundations made of FBS:

  • The work cannot be done manually. Due to the heavy weight of the blocks, lifting equipment is required.
  • Joint seams are problem areas regarding the strength and tightness of the tape.
  • The heat-saving qualities of the blocks are relatively low.
  • The price of such a foundation is noticeably higher than that of a monolithic type.

The main advantage that determines the popularity and wide distribution of their FBS tapes is the high speed of installation and the absence of seasonal dependence on climatic conditions.


Burying depth

It has a width equal to the design parameters of the sole, and the height of the shields is assumed to be slightly increased compared to the height of the cushion itself.

The panels are assembled from edged boards; the panels installed inside the trench rest against the side walls of the trench. A layer of geotextile is laid on the bottom to prevent water from escaping from the concrete.

Reinforcement

The installation of a reinforcement cage is necessary to compensate for tensile loads that occur during movement or heaving of the soil. Metal or composite reinforcement bound with soft steel wire is used.

The dimensions and configuration of the arm belt correspond to the design parameters of the sole and are designed so that the working rods are no deeper than 2-5 cm under the outer layers of concrete.

The thickness of the working rods depends on the size of the sole and is usually in the range of 10-14 mm.

Filling the pillow

Concrete must be supplied from different points so as not to wait for it to spread on its own along the entire length of the trench. During pouring, bayoneting or processing with a construction vibrating plate is performed to remove air bubbles.

Concrete grades M100 or M150 are used; if necessary, the heavier type M200 can be used.

must be done at one time until the concrete begins to set. This is important, since solidity is ensured only in this way; if you take breaks in pouring, then the whole procedure becomes meaningless.

Installation of blocks

Installation of blocks begins only after the concrete pad has been completely cured (28 days). During this period, the material gains structural strength and is capable of bearing the load from the weight of the FBS.

The blocks are laid on a layer of sand-cement mortar, which is applied to both horizontal and vertical joints. The blocks are laid with offset vertical joints. To fill the rows, short (additional) blocks cut to length are used.

Cutting is done using specialized diamond cutting tools.

Waterproofing

The surface of the finished tape is covered with a layer that prevents water from penetrating into the concrete.

Hot tar, ready-made bitumen mastic or other materials are used as an insulator..

All surfaces must be insulated, including the internal parts of the ventilation openings.

Insulation

Insulation is the process of installing a heat insulating tape on the surface. The best choice would be extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex), somewhat worse - polystyrene foam. They are impermeable to water and do not rot, which is important for difficult operating conditions.

It is possible to use liquid polyurethane foam, a more expensive but very effective insulation with maximum tightness. The material is installed tightly, without cracks or gaps, on the surface of the tape from the inside and outside.

Any gaps found must be immediately filled with foam..

Useful video

In this video you will learn how to make a strip foundation from FBS blocks:

Conclusion

The construction of a strip foundation from FBS blocks can significantly speed up work and remove restrictions on climatic indicators. The resulting foundation is demanding in terms of soil composition, but under favorable conditions it demonstrates high efficiency and reliability.

The main advantage is saving time, which is important when building large houses.

The cost of purchasing blocks is higher than purchasing concrete, but this difference is not too noticeable and is compensated by an improvement in the construction schedule.

In contact with

Bulky slabs of reinforced concrete have been eliminated from private construction for a long time. Nowadays, it is customary to make a capital foundation from durable material that can withstand up to 7-8 floors. We're talking about FBS block. Since there is a demand for this type of building material, it means that there are distinctive characteristics. Which we will describe further.

Advantages and disadvantages of a foundation made of FBS blocks

Positive characteristics:

  1. You can save time without mixing concrete. It is easy to calculate the material and maintain the proportion.
  2. Manufacturers try to produce such blocks so that the installation process did not require any special equipment. An ordinary tap is enough.
  3. Some types of blocks provide grooves that further strengthen the structure.
  4. Applicable on any soil. Suitable for any climate. Frost and excess moisture are not scary. The material itself is highly resistant. Impregnated with a special substance that prevents the destruction of the block.

Natural disadvantages:

  1. Price.
  2. Installation only with special equipment.
  3. A block structure is not a monolith. The risk of drawdown cannot be ruled out.
  4. Need a good level waterproofing. Although any type of foundation for a private house must be sheathed and protected from external influences.

Dimensions of foundation blocks, GOST

Naturally, the manufacturer provides the strength and geometry characteristics established by GOST 13579-78. Otherwise, at the slightest deviation, destruction of the building cannot be avoided. A typical block for an FBS foundation is a parallelepiped cast from expanded clay or silicate. The density should be from 1800 kilograms per cubic meter. No voids are provided. Technological preforming is required to ensure vertical reinforcement of the masonry with cement mortar.

There is also a strength class for this building material. According to the standard, it should not be lower than B 7.5.

Foundation structure: diagram and types

FBS blocks can be used on:


It is advisable to give preference to the first option if you plan to build bathhouse or two-story residential building with a 6x8 or 8x8 base. It is also customary to select these blocks for complex soil with high acidity. For a residential building, a columnar structure made of FBS is ideal if the object itself is assembled using a panel method.

The tape type base in one row is good for an oversized low-rise building, for example, an ordinary dacha without a basement. But if there are significant loads on the foundation, it is better to abandon FBS blocks in favor of a monolith. The blocks can still cope with the load, but there is always shrinkage of the building. This is where the lack of material will be reflected - the seams may come apart in some part of the structure after a few years. This occurs when saving on a sand-gravel cushion or complex soils.

Waterproofing foundations made of FBS blocks

During the construction process, they begin to create only after all the rows of the foundation have been installed. Here's how to do it yourself:

In general, there are several types of waterproofing for block foundations. Classified:

  1. Plastering. It is done using cement mortar to which some additives are added. It is better to use liquid glass. This way the foundation will be protected from the accumulation of moisture inside the material and room.
  2. Pasting. A simple, inexpensive type of waterproofing. It is necessary to purchase a waterproof material based on bitumen. It is simply processed with a burner and, already heated, applied to the outer part of the base. There are special materials for waterproofing that have a self-adhesive surface. You don't even need a burner with them. Usually treated with roofing felt, hydroisol or brizol.
  3. Coatings. Special compositions that form a multilayer shell. They are applied from the outer part of the foundation. Coating can be based on asphalt, bitumen or tar.

“Major” waterproofing is carried out according to the following cycles:

  1. Unstitch the seams between the blocks that are installed in the first, second and third rows.
  2. Holes are drilled in the new foundation to half the thickness.
  3. Next you need to install parkers adapted for injection.
  4. A special polymer is poured between the blocks.
  5. A pump is used for injection into the temporary structure.
  6. Then the parkers are dismantled.
  7. Seal up the holes.
  8. Perform final, conventional waterproofing of the entire block foundation.

Waterproofing a foundation made of FBS blocks (tape type) on video:

Calculations and dimensions

This building material is made on vibrating tables, where supports are placed to ensure the specified density, flat surface and required dimensions. If the product violates the geometry, then it is possible to build a foundation, but the standards for seam thickness will be violated. And their value (according to the rules) does not exceed 5 millimeters, otherwise the waterproofing is compromised.

It is dense, smooth and high-quality surfaces that prevent cracking and premature destruction.

According to the state standard, there are established lengths for the FBS block (mm):

  • 1180.

The width should vary from 300 to 600 millimeters. And the height is no more than 580 millimeters, but not less than 280.

For your information! Blocks with a height of 280 mm are not used in modern construction. For the base of the foundation, their load-bearing load is too weak.

For a profitable calculation, it is advisable to check everything in advance on a calculator.

But for clarity and visual representation, we present the following table to know the cost of the work:

Laying, installation: step-by-step instructions

You can’t do your work without:

  • polystyrene foam;
  • pipes;
  • mastic;
  • hydroglass insulation;
  • fittings;
  • shovels;
  • sand;
  • boards;
  • cement;
  • geotextiles.

The construction of the foundation for a real estate object is carried out in certain stages. Using the example of a private residential building, here’s how to do it right:

  1. Marking the lines for installation and pre-treatment of the foundation area.
  2. For this you need stakes and a regular light thread.
  3. Where the marking lines intersect, it is necessary to knock out the reinforcing bars. According to their location, the plumb line (horizon) becomes extinct.
  4. We dig trenches, having previously cleared their top fertile layer. The depth of any trench should be determined by the level of freezing.
  5. Arranging the pillow. We fill the compacted trench with sand and gravel. The best bed for a clay area is a combination of sand plus crushed stone plus sand.
  6. Moisturize the pillow and ram it.
  7. On top of it you need to pour thin concrete layer(3 centimeters is enough). We are waiting for it to harden. Spilling with concrete is not done if a masonry mesh is provided over the cushion.
  8. We begin installation. We lay the blocks from the points marked with reinforcing bars. Rods are usually placed at corners.
  9. The initial first row is FBS flat block. It reduces shrinkage. The blocks must be secured with mortar. To do this, pour the mixture into the grooves and joints.
  10. The first level must be checked to the horizon.
  1. Each subsequent row requires dressing.
  2. Let's give an analogy with brickwork - there are minimal differences. Vertical seams that are located in the center of the lower blocks must be overlapped by the element installed on top.
  3. Angles deserve more attention. There must be overlap. Let's say the right side remains the outermost. The next layer or level should start from the left block.
  4. We trace the thickness of the cracks between the building material. And we fill it tightly with cement mortar, reinforcing the joints with fragments of brick or concrete.
  5. Don't forget about the grillage. It must be dried for at least 4 weeks.

How to build a slab foundation from FBS blocks:

Estimate for the foundation

Even the smallest FBS block weighs at least 250 kilograms. You can't work with this material manually. Necessary lifting equipment. To more accurately calculate the estimate, labor costs and rental of special lifting equipment, there is the following table:

The most important thing is to know the mass of the material. Otherwise, there will be problems with delivery, loading and unloading. Blocks are transported by 10 ton or 20 ton trucks. Therefore, if I know the exact weight of the cargo, I can save money on transportation.

Let's summarize a simple list for calculating prices:

  1. Order a truck crane.
  2. Retail or wholesale cost of blocks.
  3. Delivery and unloading at the construction site.
  4. Installation and waterproofing works.

What owners and developers say

People who have mastered construction with such blocks give the following advantages:

  • Excellent installation characteristics;
  • Easy to attach at any time of the year;
  • A very reliable foundation for brick, wood, block or stone low-rise buildings.

The disadvantages are unanimously listed as:

  • High cost of materials. Prefabricated strip foundations made from FBS blocks on a turnkey basis cost from 6,900 per meter (price for the central region). The monolith will cost between 3-3.5 for the same unit.
  • High labor costs;
  • Equipment rental required. For your information, the work of loading equipment is measured in shifts. They will ask for at least 12 thousand per day of work.
  • The creation process requires a whole team of workers.

Results

A block foundation made of FBS is a design that is convenient when there is a need for quick construction. After all, it is allowed to assemble a base from already dried blocks at any time of the year.

The blocks are not afraid of cold, exposure to external factors and loads. But the problem is always in the seams, because improper installation and untreated connection elements will only lead to disastrous results.